Russian wooden dolls with nestling smaller dolls are called matryoshka.   In provincial Russia before the revolution the name Matryona or Matryosha was a very popular female name.   It was derived from the Latin root 'mater' which means 'mother'.   The name was associated with the image of a staid and sturdy mother of a big family.   Subsequently, it became a symbolic name and was used specially to describe brightly painted wooden dolls made in such a way that they could be taken apart to reveal smaller dolls fitting inside one another.

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Russian Nesting Dolls: Girl w/ Kittens Set/5 (6")
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